In “The Masque of the Red Death,” Edgar Allen Poe uses a clock to represent the presence of death and to prefigure the night’s disastrous finale when “Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all.” This essay elaborates on Poe’s use of the clock to describe death and the meanings of the description of the clock. It explores the ideas of the clock used to foreshadow death, death’s quality of inevitability relating to the clock, and the masqueraders’ pursuits to avoid the fear of the unknown.
The clock foreshadows death’s forthcoming and warns the prince and his guests of the dwindling time that remains for them to live. The clock predicts this fast approaching death by chiming every hour to alert the party of the amount of time persisting.
“when the minute-hand made the circuit of the face, and the hour was to be stricken, there came from the brazen lungs of the clock a sound which was clear and loud and deep and exceedingly musical, but of so peculiar a note and emphasis that, … while the chimes of the clock yet rang, it was observed that the giddiest grew pale, and the more aged and sedate passed their hands over their brows as if in confused revery or meditation.”
The clock's chilling melody invokes the people to feel solemn and to cease their dancing and music in order to meditate and dwell on the lament of the clock. Its melancholy tone dampens the mood of the masquerade, causing the people to recognize that their time of pleasure grows short and to bring awareness of death’s scheme to overtake them. The clock’s music hourly augurs the masquerade guests with feelings of dread and horror, causing them to avoid the clock’s presence.
Additionally, the clock’s physical characteristics further demonstrate the ways in which the clock represents death. “It was in this apartment, also, that there stood against the western wall, a gigantic clock of ebony. Its pendulum swung to and fro with a dull, heavy, monotonous clang.” The clock, positioned on the western wall, sits in the direction that the sun sets. As the sunset marks the termination of a day, so the clock, representing death, calls to attention the end of life. In addition, the clock, described as gigantic, displays death’s power and definite presence from its vast size and vociferous volume which the visitors hear throughout all the chambers at the masquerade. The clock, built of ebony, consists of the colors black or dark brown. These hues often represent death and decay as they prompt feelings of gloom, and mourners often wear them to funerals. Ebony is a wood from tropical trees, therefore displaying death as a mysterious and foreign concept that humanity finds not fully comprehensible. Symbolism in features such as location, immensity, and color portray the relation between the clock and death.
The clock at the masquerade not only foreshadows death, but it also illustrates death when the visitants endeavor to avoid both death and the clock.
“But to the chamber which lies most westwardly of the seven, there are now none of the maskers who venture; … and to him whose foot falls upon the sable carpet, there comes from the near clock of ebony a muffled peal more solemnly emphatic than any which reaches their ears who indulge in the more remote gaieties of the other apartments.”
Just as the masqueraders hide from the Red Death in order to spare their lives from death and disease, the people also refuse to go near the clock or even to enter the room it rests in. Despite their efforts, the visitants remain unable to escape the dismal chime of the ebony clock as it reaches their ears from another room. Similarly, the inescapable Red Death also finds the party guests and consumes everyone. The clock displays characteristics of the Red Death because both exist outside of human control. Just as the guests attempt to avoid the sounding of the clock, the people try to evade death, failing at both endeavors as both the clock and death are inevitable.
The clock and the Red Death provoke feelings of fear, specifically fear of the unknown, within the guests at the masquerade, causing them to try to circumvent the clock and death. The crowd avoids the clock due to fear of not knowing why it chimes and why it provokes in them sensations of horror and dread. Likewise, the uncertainty of what takes place after death leads them to fear death itself. Humanity longs for safety and security, and they dislike feelings of fear or worry. “But these other apartments were densely crowded, and in them beat feverishly the heart of life.” The guests feel very lively and comfortable in the other chambers, but the room with the clock in it reminds them of their final destination, something they wish to ignore. The clock provides several warnings of death’s coming, while the masquerade, or the pleasures of life, consume society's thoughts and distract them from the imminence of death. The fear of the unknown causes people to aim to hide or distract themselves from inevitable occurrences such as death, and in this way, dispose of all the negative emotions that come with the uncertainty of death.
The clock warns the masqueraders of death with its mysterious chimes and its physical attributes, but it also represents death and its inevitability as the people struggle to avoid it. The masqueraders try to steer clear of the Red Death and the clock in order to rid themselves of fear, especially the fear of the unknown because humanity prefers security and comfort rather than uncertainty. Society attempts to hide itself from death and its warnings by distracting themselves with amusements and festivities, but in the end, death remains out of human control; its warnings only ignored for a short time before the inevitable arrival of death.
I have attached a link below that leads to a PDF with a full copy of Edgar Allen Poe's "The Masque of the Red Death."
https://americanenglish.state.gov/files/ae/resource_files/the_mask_of_the_red_death.pdf