Psalm 19
from The King James Bible
1. The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork.
2. Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge.
3. There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard.
4. Their line is gone out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun,
5. Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, and rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race.
6. His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it: and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof.
7. The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple.
8. The statutes of the Lord are right, rejoicing the heart: the commandment of the Lord is pure, enlightening the eyes.
9. The fear of the Lord is clean, enduring for ever: the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.
10. More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb.
11. Moreover by them is thy servant warned: and in keeping of them there is great reward.
12. Who can understand his errors? cleanse thou me from secret faults.
13. Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall be innocent from the great transgression.
14. Let the words of my mouth, and the meditation of my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, O Lord, my strength, and my redeemer.
The King James Bible was translated in 1611 from a collection of manuscripts in Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic. In its original languages, parts of it are the oldest texts in the world. Even the more recent portions date back to before 100 AD. The historical events in the Bible range in time from Creation to the beginning of the Church. The fact that the text of the Bible dates back so far makes it difficult for many people to believe that it is legitimate, but that is beside the point today. The content of the Bible ranges from histories and genealogies to poetry and prophecies.
The portion I chose is from the book of Psalms, which is a compilation of poetry by several different authors. Psalm 19 is written by King David, the second king of Israel, a "man after God's own heart."
Much Hebrew poetry follows a parallel form (I may be getting the name wrong, but it gets the general meaning across). To clarify, the poem builds to a climax in the center of the poem. After the climax, the poem decreases gradually to an ending that mirrors the beginning. It will not always be an exact mirror of the beginning. The form is like a mountain peak that the readers must climb. While they will have followed a path that is a mirror image of the other, the beginning journey and ending journey must always be opposite. Rising and descending are two different things. And the poem, like the climber of the mountain, will always end up in a different place than he began. Perhaps a better way to state it (as I am fairly certain that "parallel form" is incorrect) would be the ABA form, not in reference to rhyming, but to the structure of the poetry and the themes repeated in it. Nevertheless, I will continue to refer to the structure as the "parallel," or the "mountain peak" form for continuity. I apologize in advance for any confusion to anyone reading this who has been educated in different forms of poetry.
While Psalm 19 does not, to the casual reader, appear to follow this form, I will attempt to prove that it does. We will first summarize and go over the text of the poem before analyzing how it follows the parallel "mountain peak" form I cited previously.
In Psalm 19, David, the psalmist, writes of how God's glory is displayed in the heavens and shouted out by the firmament. He says that the majesty of creation and the glory they display of God is so great that "their words have gone out to the end of the world" and "there is no speech nor language where their voice is not heard." The evidence of God's glory is inescapable. From there, David proceeds to describe how the sun rejoices in its mission to glorify God, "rejoicing as a strong man to run a race," and is so great that "nothing is hid from the heat thereof."
Then David comprehends that a universe so great that it shouts God's glory out in every corner must mean that the God of it is infinitely greater. He proclaims the perfection of the law of this all-seeing, all-wise, all-powerful God. What is more, David says that not only are these laws perfect, that he should desire to obey them, for they are "sweeter than honey" and "more to be desired than gold." In fact, when God judges our sins, His judgements are "true and righteous." We cannot argue against a God whose laws and judgements are equally perfect.
David moves on to fully realize that, as an imperfect man, it is impossible for him to perfectly follow God's laws. If he cannot keep the laws, he should thus be subject to God's judgements. A fear then comes over him as he realizes this. He turns and pleads with God. "Cleanse me from secret faults," he says, "let not [presumptuous sins] have dominion over me." If God does that, David says, then he would be "upright" and "innocent from the great transgression." He ends by another prayer to God, "let the words of my mouth, and the meditations of my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, O Lord, my strength, and my redeemer." But it is a gentler prayer, dwindled from the cry he put forth earlier in the Psalm. He is confident that God will answer his prayer.
As I stated earlier, it isn't immediately apparent to the reader that Psalm 19 follows a parallel form, or as I called it earlier, the mountain peak form. I begin by stating that the beauty and appeal of poetry is that it doesn't exactly need to follow a form to be within that form. I compared the parallel form to a mountain peak, over which the reader must climb. The beginning and end might look very similar in elevation, but nevertheless, they are two different places.
We climb the peak of Psalm 19 by beginning with David's realizing that the entire universe screams out the glory of God, its creator. He realizes that he cannot escape from that realization, no matter how much he tries, because "there is no speech nor language where their voice is not heard." He elaborates on this, in his beautiful poetry pointing out that even the sun cannot help but proclaim God's glory.
At verse seven, we finally reach the peak, when David stops describing creation and instead proclaims the Creator himself. He, the creation, is now fulfilling his earlier words by crying out God's nature. He cries it out to those around him, calling them to follow God, for His laws are just and perfect, and his judgements are right. Fittingly, for He is the ultimate end and beginning of anything, God is the mountain top of this poem.
But, somewhere between verses eleven and twelve, we descend from the mountain top as David finally takes the lessons he proclaimed at the top of the mountain and applies them to himself. He realizes that, if God is perfectly just, then he is imperfect in God's sight and must be judged. He cries out to God for mercy and help harnessing his sin. We end on a note of peaceful, awed prayer to God for assistance in following his laws.
I am going to take a brief moment to lay out the central points of the Psalm clearly and simplify it so that you can see how it follows the parallel "mountain peak" form.
A) Creation cries out in praise of its Creator
B) The majesty and complete justice of the Creator
A) Man, the image of the Creator, cries out for mercy to its Creator
While certainly not a perfect example of the form, Psalm 19 is a beautiful piece of parallel poetry. We experience the heights and depths of humanity, the soaring heights of the mountains of joy and the depths of the sea of despair, in fourteen short verses. With this brief but gorgeous example of the richness contained within the book of Psalms, you have been given a taste of the beauty and truths contained within the Bible. Psalm 19 is but one piece of a fragment of the whole Word of God.
Although even the newest portions of the Bible were written approximately 2000 years ago and parts of it are much older than that, from this small fragment, Psalm 19, you can see how the Bible is still relevant today. Pieces of history and literature from long ago would be lost, save for the Bible. Aside from its historical relevance, it is even more important as a religious work. Christianity is the truth, and no one will ever see Heaven without first believing on and following the God of the Bible.
Many thanks for considering my application to the RonranGlee Literary Scholarship. As a gap year student, I don't get to write many serious essays apart from scholarship applications. This one, as it asked for more of a "school-like" essay, was a great joy and brought back many memories as I wrote it. Thank you for the opportunity to relive those memories, as well as the opportunity to refresh my writing skills.
It would be a great answer to prayer and an enormous blessing if I was to be the recipient of this award.