“How long does a building stand before it falls?
How long does a contract last? How long will brothers
share the inheritance before they quarrel?
How long does hatred, for that matter, last?
Time after time the river has risen and flooded.
The insect leaves the cocoon to live but a minute.
How long is the eye able to look at the sun?
From the very beginning nothing at all has lasted.”
― David Ferry, The Epic of Gilgamesh
Everything ends, I think that is pretty clear. Not one thing, since the beginning has lasted forever and, nothing ever will. Above is the speech of Utnapishtim to Gilgamesh about the great flood that god set upon the earth. This brief paragraph touches mostly on death and the end of all things, but I would argue that the most important hinted at is time.
Utnapishtim is a former king and priest of Shurrupak, he survived the flood by building a boat and with God Ea's favor. Utnapishtim meets Gilgamesh on his was to obtain immortality, thus earning Utnapishtim's ire despite being immortal himself. From someone who has seen all life wiped away and had to live through it and rebuild by himself, the pursuit of such an existence by someone who does not understand can be irksome and enraging.
The text itself contains numerous juxtapositions of life and death, cause and effect, actions and consequences. An insect is born just to die in minutes whereas a building is erected just to crumble years later. Both have different time frames, and yet the result is the same. It can be seen that the main focus of all these questions is the inevitable end; however, with these dower words it is easy to gloss over the most important aspect of this literature is, time.
Every questions contains the words "how long"? "How long does hatred, for that matter, last?", or "how long is the eye able to look at the sun?". Thus the problem Utnapishtim has with immortality isn't necessarily watching the constant life and death of other things, but it is the very unnatural nature of not having an end and a sense of incompletion. Utnapishtim's name means "he who saw life"; but, that is all he can do is witness it. Utnapishtim would argue that being immortal means you can no longer live life because to live is inherently, to die.
Time is what makes things precious and important, the fact that nothing lasts forever and everything ends is what gives them their value. Those things that don't last burn the brightest, a feud between brothers is an inferno that fizzles out, an eye looks at the sun briefly because of its vulnerability. Having a deadline gives life, especially human life, its meaning and so it can be argued that a never-ending life loses its worth.
The only thing that all living, and non-living things for that matter, is time. Everything is given an amount of time, no matter how brief or how long that may be. An insect may live a minute, a building may stand for years, a human lives for decades, and a quarrel may stretch on even longer. But everything is given time, it is what is done with that time that matters even in a race against the proverbial clock.
As much as Utnapishtim is emphasizing that everything is given a beginning and an end I believe his most important point is the space between, without an end then the space doesn't matter. To make life matter and have meaning is not to lengthen your amount of time, like Gilgamesh is trying to do, but to make the most of the time given to you and accept the end when it comes.