"As in a voyage, when the ship is at anchor, if you go on shore to get water, you may amuse yourself with picking up a shellfish or a truffle in your way, but your thoughts ought to be bent toward the ship, and perpetually attentive, lest the captain should call, and then you must leave all these things, that you may not have to be carried on board the vessel, bound like a sheep; thus likewise in life, if, instead of a truffle or shellfish, such a thing as a wife or a child be granted you, there is no objection; but if the captain calls, run to the ship, leave all these things, and never look behind. But if you are old, never go far from the ship, lest you should be missing when called for." - The Enchiridion by Epictetus.
In this passage, Epictetus suggests that having spiritual awareness is of the utmost importance, and any treasured materials or physical attachments should be held loosely; especially in preparation for death. He argues that this mindset should remain constant throughout one's life, and one should remain vigilant, as no one knows when the captain might call.
Epictetus illustrates this using a metaphor of a ship and captain, solidifying the necessity of vigilance for the reader. The ship's captain symbolizes God or Fate as they are in control, while the ship represents the journey of life or the inevitability of death. Together they create a spiritual image lingering over earthly minds. He writes, "But your thoughts ought to be bent toward the ship, and perpetually attentive, lest the captain should call, and then you must leave all these things." This line reinforces the idea that we must be ready to drop everything and depart this world at any moment.
His caution deepens when he writes, "But if you are old, never go far from the ship, lest you should be missing when called for." As death becomes nearer, he warns against becoming too involved in earthly concerns. When one's time is limited, their focus should be placed heavily on the soul. Rather than fighting the call or avoiding it for fleeting pleasures, Epictetus instructs that grace lies in quiet readiness.
This paragraph advocates for what is uncomfortable to us naturally. Accepting death is one of life's greatest challenges, not unlike letting go, and not just of possessions, but loved ones. It doesn't matter what side of death you are on; it is not easy to accept. Epictetus teaches, "Thus likewise in life, if, instead of a truffle or shellfish, such a thing as a wife or a child be granted you, there is no objection; but if the captain calls, run to the ship, leave all these things, and never look behind." This is completely against human nature; we cling to our loved ones and resent departure. Going with ease is not necessarily approval of these circumstances, but rather acceptance and a sense of preparedness. This leaves a person with dignity, rather than the dishonor of the struggle.
While this may feel apathetic to our view today, it is a freeing thought; not fearing death, alongside life. When death grows nearer to us, it is something that, whether we accept it or not, is inevitable. Epictetus teaches that letting go of what we cannot control will lighten our burden in life.
The passage carries an ominous, looming image by using the ship to depict the departure from this world, and the bound sheep to portray how resistance is met- with shame and loss of dignity. It reminds us that we must leave all things when called, and that we must do everything to preserve our soul.
To embrace Epictetus' paragraph is to accept that, regardless of your attempts to predict or delay death, it is both inescapable and unpredictable. It also means going with grace, not fighting or fearing it, for it is something everyone will experience. Minding your ship, and being keen for your call, will ensure that when it's time, you will go with peace, not resistance.