“And an orator said, Speak to us of Freedom. And he answered: At the city gate and by your fireside I have seen you prostrate yourself and worship your own freedom. Even as slaves humble themselves before a tyrant and praise him though he slays them. Ay, in the grove of the temple and in the shadow of the citadel I have seen the freest among you wear their freedom as a yoke and a handcuff. And my heart bled within me; for you can only be free when even the desire of seeking freedom becomes a harness to you, and when you cease to speak of freedom as a goal and a fulfilment.” - Kahlil Gibran, The Prophet
Humans have long chased after the concept of freedom, to be rid of their oppressors and live in peace. But what exactly is freedom? Many interpretations have arisen over the years, and one of the most compelling definitions arises from Kahlil Gibran’s The Prophet, a short story about a prophet who visits the island of Orphalese and advises its people. While discussing freedom, the prophet claims that freedom is not the lack of chains but rather the ownership of them, an assertion that is worth analyzing.
In The Prophet, the prophet is asked a number of questions by the various inhabitants of Orphalese. Among them is an orator who asks what freedom truly is. Every questioner has a unique relationship with the topic they ask about, such as a priestess asking about love and a hermit asking about pleasure, and here too is such a connection. Orators are skilled in using flowery language to convey messages, usually about abstract concepts such as love or freedom. For an orator to ask what freedom truly means rather than attempting to define it himself, it demonstrates to the audience that Gibran is not trying to glamorize the concept or appeal to any particular emotion like hope or passion, but rather that he is delivering the truth of the matter through the character of the prophet. Thus, the definition of freedom that he presents may not align with what is commonly heard in social circles, not because he is particularly pessimistic but rather because he has no need to romanticize the concept to make it more palatable to the audience. If they wish to accept it, they may, and if they deny it, then he has told his truth and has no need to convince them further, because unlike an orator, the job of a prophet is merely to convey the message.
After establishing that he is only conveying the reality of freedom and not what humans idealize it to be, the prophet describes people’s current understanding of freedom. He states people are worshipping their own freedom even as it holds them back and kills them, both metaphorically and literally. Regarding the former, people pursue the concept of freedom so much that their lives revolve around the idea of ridding themselves of their perceived shackles, whether that be familial obligations like raising children or social rules like maintaining polite mannerisms. In doing so, they isolate themselves from all the characteristics that once defined them, causing the metaphorical death of their previous self. When they examine this change and all its associated issues, they do not blame it on their pursuit of freedom but rather increase their desire for freedom because they think that true freedom will rid them of these issues. In doing so, the concept of freedom becomes a shackle for them. It prevents them from facing reality like a yoke that drags their heads down, and chains them to burdens they cannot break from like handcuffs that prevent them from grasping the future. When they realize they will never be satisfied with the level of freedom in their life, they are drawn to despair, which could result in their literal death. Thus, those who treat the concept of freedom as a goal will forever find it unattainable, and it is most unfortunate that most do not realize this.
Once he has illuminated the folly of freedom as most people interpret it, the prophet reveals the true meaning of freedom: to accept the chains that define you. When a person constantly pursues the ideal of freedom, he continues to give up aspects of himself until he is left a hollow shell, and even then he is not satisfied because he can never obtain the level of freedom he idealizes. However, when a person accepts the state he is in, then the things that bind him are no longer chains but rather harnesses through which he can achieve his goals. For example, a mother may reject the job of raising her children in the hopes that it will bring her freedom, but she will then face other struggles like social ostracization which will make her desire a greater freedom, so she will be chained by a continuous pursuit for more freedom to her own detriment. If she instead chooses to accept the job of raising her children, seeing it as a choice she is willingly making, then she will obtain freedom in the sense of seeing her job as a choice rather than an obligation, so she will feel free despite outwardly being shackled down. Hence, it is not when one rejects their binds, but rather when one becomes the owner of their binds, that one is truly free.
Thus, from the perspective of Gibran's prophet, the mainstream depiction of freedom is but a pointless pursuit, and only when one accepts their identity with all its associated obligations is freedom achieved. There is much thought given to this claim, and perhaps his point is true. But as there is no universal definition of freedom, you are free to accept or reject his claim as you desire. After all, that is the beauty of freedom.